30 Sept. 2015; Brief Biography of Ayman al-Zawahiri. Combating Terrorism Center at West Point, Date unknown. 10 Oct. 2015; Statement of Reasons: Egyptian Islamic Jihad (EIJ). Parliament of Australia, 27 March 2007. Web. Egyptian Islamic Jihad. Stanford University. The IJO also provided Kourani with additional training in tradecraft, weapons, and tactics. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. [19] Ayman al-Zawahiri. GlobalSecurity.org, Date unknown. Currently, the Palestinian Islamic Jihad is a small, highly secretive organization that operates underground with less than 1,000 members and limited popular support. New York, NY: Vintage Books. Academic and Higher Education Webinars, C.V. Starr & Co. After the MNF bombing, the New York Times reported that "Lebanese police sources, Western intelligence sources, Israeli Government sources and leading Shi'ite Moslem religious leaders in Beirut are all convinced that there is no such thing as Islamic Jihad," as an organization, no membership, no writings, etc. After splitting from the Muslim Brotherhood in the late 1970s, Shaqaqi and Awda operated the PIJ from Egypt until 1981, when the Egyptian government exiled the group to Gaza following the assassination of President Anwar Sadat. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Egyptian-Islamic-Jihad, Federation of American Scientist - al-Jihad Egyptian Islamic Jihad, Council on Foreign Relations - Egyptian Islamic Jihad. March 30, 2023, Blog Post There have been no direct attacks on U.S. properties or citizenssome have died in attacksalthough the PIJ threatened to attack the U.S. embassy if it was relocated to Jerusalem from Tel Aviv. Its stated goal is the liberation of what it considers to be Muslim lands from Moscow. The Looming Tower. (12 killed, 28 wounded)[1], Last Attack: 1998: The EIJ unsuccessfully attempted to bomb the U.S. Embassy in Albania. Based at Baalbek in the Beqaa valley, the group aligned 200 Lebanese Shiite militants financed by Iran and trained by the Iranian Revolutionary Guards contingent previously sent by Ayatollah Khomeini to fight the June 1982 Israeli invasion of Lebanon. February 13, 2023 Omissions? He was arrested following the Egyptian governments capture Ahmad Salama Mabruk, on whose computer the government found a list of all EIJ members and their addresses. [11] At this time the EIJ is thought to have been at least operationally led by Sharif, although it also retained nominal ties to al-Zumar, who remained imprisoned in Egypt. The group originated in Egypt, but following a crackdown by the Egyptian government, many of the groups members emigrated first to Afghanistan, then to Sudan, and eventually back to Afghanistan. by Lindsay Maizland [25] According to Baer it is "a very distinct organization, which was separate from Hezbollah because you had the [Hezbollah] consultative council which only had a vague idea of what the hostage-takers were doing. For instance, Zawahiri was the logistical mastermind behind the 1998 Al Qaeda bombings of the U.S. Embassies in Kenya and Tanzania. According to the U.S. State Department, Iran funds most of the PIJ budget. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. Web. Based on other taskings from IJO personnel, which were conveyed during periodic in-person meetings when Kourani returned to Lebanon, Kourani conducted operations that included searching for weapons suppliers in the U.S. who could provide firearms to support IJO operations, identifying individuals affiliated with the Israeli Defense Force, gathering information regarding operations and security at airports in the U.S. and elsewhere, and surveilling U.S. military and law enforcement facilities in Manhattan and Brooklyn. 10 February 1986. Attorneys Andrew D. Beaty and Stephen J. Ritchin for the Southern District of New York are in charge of the prosecution of el Debek. Web. 20 August 2015. The Looming Tower. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). 20 August 2015. In 2001, pursuant to Executive Order 13224, the U.S. Department of State designated Hizballah a Specially Designated Global Terrorist entity. 2006. pg. WebThe Islamic Jihad Organization (IJO), which is also known as the External Security Organization and 910, is a highly compartmentalized component of Hizballah Web. [5] As the EIJs funding sources in Egypt began to dry up, the group became increasingly reliant on bin Laden for funding and resources. 30 Sept. 2015. They demanded the departure of all Americans from Lebanon and took responsibility for a number of kidnappings, assassinations, and bombings of embassies and peacekeeping troops which killed several hundred people. Eight leaders of the Palestinian Islamic Jihad were indicted by federal authorities in 2003 on fifty charges, while only one, Sami al-Arian, was arrested and sent to trial. WebOn Friday, the IDF launched Operation Breaking Dawn to preempt attacks by Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ), a U.S.- designated Foreign Terrorist Organization since 1997. Zawahiri became Osama bin Ladens deputy and was affiliated with the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon on September 11, 2001. Disclaimer:This is a partial list of where the militant organization has bases and where it operates. The Looming Tower. Coordinator for the Arctic Region, Deputy Secretary of State for Management and Resources, Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization, Under Secretary for Arms Control and International Security, Bureau of Arms Control, Verification and Compliance, Bureau of International Security and Nonproliferation, Under Secretary for Civilian Security, Democracy, and Human Rights, Bureau of Conflict and Stabilization Operations, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs, Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration, Office of International Religious Freedom, Office of the Special Envoy To Monitor and Combat Antisemitism, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, Under Secretary for Economic Growth, Energy, and the Environment, Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs, Office of the Science and Technology Adviser, Bureau of the Comptroller and Global Financial Services, Bureau of Information Resource Management, Office of Management Strategy and Solutions, Bureau of International Organization Affairs, Bureau of South and Central Asian Affairs, Under Secretary for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs, U.S. 20 August 2015. Wright has compared Islamic Jihad to the Black September wing of the Palestinian Fatah,[11] serving the function of providing its controlling organization, in this case Hezbollah, with some distance and plausible deniability from acts that might provoke retaliation or other problems. Web. 2006. New York, NY: Vintage Books. 2006. The Looming Tower. This website contains only information in the public domain that has been verified and disseminated by US Government sources. 2006. Web. El Debek has told the FBI that he was detained by Hizballah from December 2015 to April 2016 and falsely accused of spying for the U.S. Mapping Militant Organizations. Under Sharifs leadership, the group grew more extreme, and began emphasizing the concept of takfir, the belief that all those who are not Sunni Muslims are infidels. 
Ali Kourani, 32, of the Bronx, New York, and Samer el Debek, 37, of Dearborn, Michigan, aka, Samer Eldebek, were arrested on Thursday, June 1, on charges related to their alleged activities on behalf of Hizballah, a designated foreign terrorist organization. The Looming Tower. Updates? In this system, the letters u and a are preferred over o and e. For example, the name of the al-Qaida operative who was detained on 1 March 2003 is Khalid Shaykh Muhammad, not Khalid Sheikh Mohammed; he was an associate of Usama Bin Ladin, not Osama Bin Laden. We have retained, however, the spellings used on the Rewards for Justice and FBI terrorism sites; spellings there are designed for easy recognition or are used in legal documents and therefore do not always conform to these rules. In 2010, State Department officials described Hizballah as the most technically capable terrorist group in the world, and a continued security threat to the U.S. 2339A(b)(1) as any property, tangible or intangible, or service, including currency or monetary instruments or financial securities, financial services, lodging, training, expert advice or assistance, safehouses, false documentation or identification, communications equipment, facilities, weapons, lethal substances, explosives, personnel (1 or more individuals who maybe or include oneself), and transportation, except medicine or religious materials. 18 U.S.C. In response, Zawahiri sought out international donors to support the group, including in Santa Clara, California where he travelled several times. Web. The following is an abbreviated list of attacks that have been claimed by the PIJ the over the years: Backgrounder The End of Egyptian Islamic Jihad? The Jamestown Foundation, Terrorism Monitor 3(3), 9 February 2005. For other groups called "Islamic Jihad", see. Another portion of GI, however, appears to have remained militant and on good terms with the EIJ, and many of its members apparently fought alongside EIJ and AQ members in Afghanistan in the late 1980s. Egyptian Islamic Jihad. Council of Foreign Relations, 30 May 2008. What is known is that Zawahiri traveled extensively throughout both the Arab World and the West on fundraising trips for the group. This listing includes the 65-plus terrorist groups designated by the US State Department as Foreign Terrorist Organizations (FTOs), as well as an additional Among his destinations were Iran, Lebanon, and California. Web. Web. The End of Egyptian Islamic Jihad? The Jamestown Foundation, Terrorism Monitor 3(3), 9 February 2005. Egyptian Islamic Jihad. Council of Foreign Relations, 30 May 2008.
[2] Egyptian Islamic Jihad. BBC News, Investigating Terror Organizations, Date unknown. The PIJ advocates the destruction of Israel through violent means; it approaches the Arab-Israeli conflict as an ideological war, not a territorial dispute. 8 Oct. 2015. [8] Journalist Robin Wright has described it as "more of an information network for a variety of cells of movements", rather than a centralized organization. 26 Aug. 2014; Fletcher, Molly. More recently authors such as researcher Robert A. Pape[22] and journalist Lawrence Wright[23] have made no mention of Islamic Jihad and simply name Hezbollah as the author of Lebanese terror attacks claimed or attributed to Islamic Jihad. March 24, 2023 1 Oct. 2015; Egyptian Islamic Jihad. Encyclopedia of the Middle East, 2007. Egyptian Islamic Jihad. Council of Foreign Relations, 30 May 2008. "27 Injured in 3 Terrorist Explosions in Copenhagen". They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Supports our efforts to curb terrorism financing and to encourage other nations to do the same. Assistant U.S. New York, NY: The Rosen Publishing Group, 2003; Fletcher, Molly. [18] In order to receive funding from bin Laden, Zawahiri reoriented the EIJ away from seeking to establish an Islamic State in Egypt and towards Al-Qaedas global brand of jihadism that aimed at destroying the United States. "[14], A 2003 decision by an American court named Islamic Jihad as the name used by Hezbollah for its attacks in Lebanon, and parts of the Middle East, and Europe. Rather than significantly weakening al-Qaeda, however, these realities prompted a structural evolution and the growth of franchising. Increasingly, attacks were orchestrated not only from above by the centralized leadership (after the U.S. invasion of Afghanistan, based in the Afghan-Pakistani border regions) but also by the localized, relatively autonomous cells it encouraged. Soon after the Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan in 1989, Sharif, Zawahiri, and other EIJ leaders joined bin Laden in Khartoum, where he was hosted by Sudans government. [4] Wright, Lawrence. Annual Lecture on China: Frayed RelationsThe United States and China, Virtual Event 30 Sept. 2015; Egyptian Islamic Jihad. Encyclopedia of the Middle East, 2007. 20 August 2015. Al-Qaeda began as a logistical network to support Images on this blog are copyright to their respective owners. [4] They demanded the departure of all Americans from Lebanon and took responsibility for a number of kidnappings, assassinations, and bombings of embassies and peacekeeping troops which killed several hundred people. The Looming Tower. From Secularism to Jihad: Sayyid Qutb and the Foundations of Radical Islamism. The rocket attacks were carried out by the Palestinian Islamic Jihad, an Iran-funded terrorist group which enjoys the protection of Hamas in Gaza. 20 August 2015. Kourani was arrested in the Bronx for providing, attempting, and conspiring to provide material support to Hizballah; receiving and conspiring to receive military-type training from Hizballah; a related weapons offense that is alleged to have involved, among other weapons, a rocket-propelled grenade launcher and machine guns; violating and conspiring to violate the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA); and naturalization fraud to facilitate an act of international terrorism. 2006. pg. New York, NY: Vintage Books. The EIJs early funding sources are largely unknown. 20 August 2015; Egyptian Islamic Jihad. Encyclopedia of the Middle East, 2007. Egyptian Islamic Jihad. Council of Foreign Relations, 30 May 2008. Based on information el Debek provided to the FBI, FBI bomb technicians have assessed that el Debek received extensive training as a bomb-maker, has a high degree of technical sophistication in the area, and was trained in techniques and methods similar to those used to construct the improvised explosive device used in Hizballahs 2012 Burgas, Bulgaria, bus bombing, a bombing that el Debek reported was carried out by a relative of his. 30 Sept. 2015; Brief Biography of Ayman al-Zawahiri. Combating Terrorism Center at West Point, Date unknown. Understanding Terror Networks. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004, p.147; Wright, Lawrence. These claims have yet to be substantiated.[27]. Kourani was presented on Friday, June 2, before Magistrate Judge Barbara Moses in Manhattan federal court. May 25, 2022, Backgrounder [5] Wright, Lawrence. Ties between EIJ and al-Qaeda continued to deepen. The Global Jihad Brotherhood: Egyptian Islamic Jihad and the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan. 24 Sept. 2001. [2] The EIJ also was known for its specialty training and strategic planning skills, which it likely acquired while fighting alongside the Mujahedeen in the Soviet-Afghan War in the late 1980s. EIJ, in cooperation with al-Gamaa al-Islamiyya (GI/GAI), assassinated Sadat in retribution for brokering a peace deal with Israel and his ties with the U.S., and further, hoped that if Sadat were killed, the Egyptian state would be crippled enough that the EIJ could seize control. [25], Partially as a result of these setbacks, Zawahiri chose to merge the EIJ into Al Qaeda in 1998. 30 Sept. 2015. [8] Brief Biography of Ayman al-Zawahiri. Combating Terrorism Center at West Point, Date unknown. Id like to thank the hundreds of investigators who comprise the FBIs New York JTTF and display constant vigilance on our behalf, and I encourage the public to remain engaged and to immediately report suspicious activity to law enforcement., Commissioner ONeill said: As part of his work for Hezbollah, Kourani and others allegedly conducted covert surveillance of potential targets, including U.S. military bases and Israeli military personnel here in New York City. The Islamic Jihad Organization IJO (Arabic: , romanized:arakat al-Jihd al-'Islmiyy) or Organisation du Jihad Islamique (OJI) in French, but best known as "Islamic Jihad" (Arabic: Jihad al-Islami) for short, was a Shia[3] militia known for its activities in the 1980s during the Lebanese Civil War. [23] Mabruks capture was devastating for the EIJ because while the EIJ was organized in a cell structure, designed to prevent one member from being able to identify the rest of the membership if captured, Mabruk as the membership director had a computer containing the name and addresses of all EIJ members. [12] Wright, Lawrence. Some 16-18 rockets were fired into southern Israel, most of which were intercepted by the Iron Dome missile defense system or landed in open fields, the Israeli news website Ynet reported. Web. The Egyptian Islamic Group (EIJ) was a militant Islamist organization founded in 1979 as a splinter of the Muslim Brotherhood. Web. "[26], Hala Jaber calls it a name "deliberately contrived by the Iranian Revolutionary Guards and their recruits to cast confusion. [4] However, the EIJ did not gain international notoriety until its successful assassination of Egyptian President Anwar Sadat on October 6, 1981. Some reports indicate that they merged with Hezbollah afterwards, with their leader Imad Mughniyeh appointed head of that party's overseas security apparatus. Because 12 lunar months multiplied by 29.53 days equals 354.36 days, the Islamic calendar will always be approximately 11 days shorter than the Western (Gregorian) calendar. Understanding Terror Networks. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger, 2005. Web. The organizations terrorist activity or terrorism must threaten the security of U.S. nationals or the national security (national defense, foreign relations, or the economic interests) of the United States. [10] Fletcher, Molly. Signals to other governments our concern about named organizations. Egyptian Islamic Jihad (EIJ) allied with the al-Qaeda network in the late 1990s, and the two groups merged in 2001. [3] Farraj was originally a member of the Muslim Brotherhood, but split from the organization to form the EIJ following the Muslim Brotherhoods renunciation of violence in the late 1970s. Omissions? In July 2012, an IJO operative detonated explosives on a bus transporting Israeli tourists in the vicinity of an airport in Burgas, Bulgaria, which killed six people and injured 32 others. 8 Oct. 2015. 26 Aug. 2014; Gebara, Khalil. Altogether, these attacks killed 659 people [22]. by Jonathan Masters and Will Merrow 20 August 2015. Attempted assassination of Kuwaiti ruler (Emir) Sheikh, 10 February 1986. He was replaced by Ramadan Abdallah Shallah, a British-educated Palestinian, who taught Middle Eastern courses at the University of South Florida from 1990 to 1995. Qadura Fares, the head of the organization, said at least 250 Islamic Jihad prisoners in multiple facilities would take part in the strike, and that 100 of them would begin refusing water after one week. Our announcement today also reveals, however, that the dozens of agencies working together with our FBI JTTFs nationwide are just as determined to disrupt the plans of those working to harm our communities. New York, NY: The Rosen Publishing Group, 2003; Fletcher, Molly. From Secularism to Jihad: Sayyid Qutb and the Foundations of Radical Islamism. The IMU in June 2014 joined Tehrik-e Taliban Pakistan fighters in a deadly siege of Karachi International Airport that killed 37. 3 Oct. 2015; Statement of Reasons: Egyptian Islamic Jihad (EIJ). Parliament of Australia, 27 March 2007. A designation may be revoked by an Act of Congress, or set aside by a Court order. 20 August 2015. Which is where Hezbollahs external operations apparatus, the Islamic Jihad Organization or Unit 910, comes into play. Furthermore, the EIJ played an important role in Al Qaedas September 11, 2001 attacks of the World Trade Center in New York City, for which Zawahiri is thought to have led the organizational planning. 1 Oct. 2015; Egyptian Islamic Jihad. Encyclopedia of the Middle East, 2007. Web. 30 Sept. 2015. 30 Sept. 2015. [8], After serving three-year jail terms, Sharif andZawahiri released from jail in the 1984 and, along with many other EIJ members, emigrated to Peshawar, Afghanistan in 1986, where they set up new headquarters for the EIJ. Web. New York, NY: Vintage Books. He later claimed to the FBI that the purpose of the trip was to meet with medical device manufacturers and other businessmen. [7] Among those arrested and jailed were many of the EIJs future leaders, including Aymenn al-Zawahiri, Abbud al-Zumar, and Sayyed Imam al-Sharif. Web. Fathi Shaqaqi moved from Gaza to Egypt to study medicine and became active with the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood. [23] Salah, Muhammad. Archived from the original on 2015-02-15. The US State Department in June 2005 designated the IJU a Foreign Terrorist Organization. 10 Oct. 2015. Stigmatizes and isolates designated terrorist organizations internationally. There is some debate as to whether the merger was both begun and completed in 1998, or if the process was more gradual, and complete unification was not finalized until 2001. WebThe Islamic Jihad Organization (IJO), which is also known as the External Security Organization and 910, is a component of Hizballah responsible for the planning and The IJO suffered a setback in 1986 when their temporary abduction of four Soviet diplomats carried out previously in September 1985 ended up in the assassination of one hostage. The Islamic Jihad, or as it is officially called The Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine, is a radical Muslim terror organization operating in the Middle East. 26 Aug. 2014; Wright, Lawrence. v. Islamic Republic of Iran", "Two Iranian exiles are assassinated in Paris", http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2245&dat=19840208&id=8pUzAAAAIBAJ&sjid=bjIHAAAAIBAJ&pg=5419,3921052, 1992 Patterns of Global Terrorism: The Year in Review, http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19851212-0, http://www.sandford.org/gandercrash/investigations/majority_report/html/_i.shtml, Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information. [5] Ayman al-Zawahiri. GlobalSecurity.org, Date unknown. [1] In addition to its opposition to the governments secular nature, the EIJ was particularly opposed to Sadats 1979 peace treaty with Israel. 186. [9] Sageman, Marc. [3] Journalist Robin Wright has described it as "more of an information network for a variety of cells of movements", rather than a centralized organization. Islamic Jihad, for example, claims to have kidnapped 20 August 2015. Corrections? Bin Ladin Front Reportedly Brough CBW from E. Europe. Al-Hayah, 20 April 1999. The Islamic year contains 12 months, none of which can exceed 30 days. "Spanish bomb blast blamed on Jihad / Madrid restaurant explosion blamed on Muslim group.". Web. [11], By the mid-1980s Hizbollah leaders are reported to have admitted their involvement in the attacks and the nominal nature of "Islamic Jihad" - that it was merely a `telephone organisation,`[12][13] and[14] Those attacks, along with EIJs failed attempt to assassinate Egyptian Pres. Renewing America, Backgrounder The founders of the Palestinian Islamic Jihad, Fathi Shaqaqi and Abd al-Aziz Awda, were students in Egypt and members of the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood until the late 1970s when they decided that the brotherhood was becoming too moderate and insufficiently committed to the Palestinian cause. Web.
Web. [24] Thus, following Mabruks capture, the Egyptian government was able to round up a large portion of the EIJ members remaining in Egypt, including two leaders of the groups European cell, Ahmed Ibrahim al-Naggar and Ahmed Ismail Osman. Taiwan has the potential to be a flash point in U.S.-China relations. Web. "Errors By Crew Reportedly Cited in Gander Crash", Iranian Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (Pasdaran), 1992 Israeli Embassy attack in Buenos Aires, List of weapons of the Lebanese Civil War, "Hezbollah's most wanted commander killed in Syria bomb", " .. ", "Islamic Jihad Organization (Lebanon) / Islamic Jihad (IJO)", "Tehran's master terrorist, Imad Mughniyah and the forgotten road to 9/11 part I of II", "Karrubi: Iran knows Islamic Jihad only through media", "Anne Dammarell et al. At this time, the Sudanese government also began to pressure bin Laden to leave the country, which he appears to have done in May 1996. New York, NY: Vintage Books. Additionally, the leader and organizer of the 9/11 hijackers was a man named Mohammed Atta, who was also a former EIJ member. (no casualties)[4], November 1995: The EIJ claimed responsibility for assassinating an Egyptian diplomat in Geneva. Assistant U.S. The Islamic Jihad Organization IJO (Arabic language: , Harakat al-Jihad al-Islami) or Organisation du Jihad Islamique (OJI) in French, but best known as Islamic Jihad (Arabic: Jihad al-Islami) for short, was a fundamentalist Shia group known for its activities in the 1980s during the Lebanese Civil War. The user can change map settings to display different features (e.g., leadership changes), adjust the time scale, and trace individual groups. Among those extradited was Aymenn al-Zawahiris brother Mohammed, who was believed to have been one of the groups top military commanders. [20] Fletcher, Molly. [2] The EIJ was again forced to relocate to Afghanistan after the Sudanese government expelled it in 1996. 20 August 2015. 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Ali Kourani, 32, of the Bronx, New York, and Samer el Debek, 37, of Dearborn, Michigan, aka, Samer Eldebek, were arrested on Thursday, June 1, on charges related to their alleged activities on behalf of Hizballah, a designated foreign terrorist organization. The Looming Tower. Updates? In this system, the letters u and a are preferred over o and e. For example, the name of the al-Qaida operative who was detained on 1 March 2003 is Khalid Shaykh Muhammad, not Khalid Sheikh Mohammed; he was an associate of Usama Bin Ladin, not Osama Bin Laden. We have retained, however, the spellings used on the Rewards for Justice and FBI terrorism sites; spellings there are designed for easy recognition or are used in legal documents and therefore do not always conform to these rules. In 2010, State Department officials described Hizballah as the most technically capable terrorist group in the world, and a continued security threat to the U.S. 2339A(b)(1) as any property, tangible or intangible, or service, including currency or monetary instruments or financial securities, financial services, lodging, training, expert advice or assistance, safehouses, false documentation or identification, communications equipment, facilities, weapons, lethal substances, explosives, personnel (1 or more individuals who maybe or include oneself), and transportation, except medicine or religious materials. 18 U.S.C. In response, Zawahiri sought out international donors to support the group, including in Santa Clara, California where he travelled several times. Web. The following is an abbreviated list of attacks that have been claimed by the PIJ the over the years: Backgrounder The End of Egyptian Islamic Jihad? The Jamestown Foundation, Terrorism Monitor 3(3), 9 February 2005. For other groups called "Islamic Jihad", see. Another portion of GI, however, appears to have remained militant and on good terms with the EIJ, and many of its members apparently fought alongside EIJ and AQ members in Afghanistan in the late 1980s. Egyptian Islamic Jihad. Council of Foreign Relations, 30 May 2008. What is known is that Zawahiri traveled extensively throughout both the Arab World and the West on fundraising trips for the group. This listing includes the 65-plus terrorist groups designated by the US State Department as Foreign Terrorist Organizations (FTOs), as well as an additional Among his destinations were Iran, Lebanon, and California. Web. Web. The End of Egyptian Islamic Jihad? The Jamestown Foundation, Terrorism Monitor 3(3), 9 February 2005. Egyptian Islamic Jihad. Council of Foreign Relations, 30 May 2008.
[2] Egyptian Islamic Jihad. BBC News, Investigating Terror Organizations, Date unknown. The PIJ advocates the destruction of Israel through violent means; it approaches the Arab-Israeli conflict as an ideological war, not a territorial dispute. 8 Oct. 2015. [8] Journalist Robin Wright has described it as "more of an information network for a variety of cells of movements", rather than a centralized organization. 26 Aug. 2014; Fletcher, Molly. More recently authors such as researcher Robert A. Pape[22] and journalist Lawrence Wright[23] have made no mention of Islamic Jihad and simply name Hezbollah as the author of Lebanese terror attacks claimed or attributed to Islamic Jihad. March 24, 2023 1 Oct. 2015; Egyptian Islamic Jihad. Encyclopedia of the Middle East, 2007. Egyptian Islamic Jihad. Council of Foreign Relations, 30 May 2008. "27 Injured in 3 Terrorist Explosions in Copenhagen". They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Supports our efforts to curb terrorism financing and to encourage other nations to do the same. Assistant U.S. New York, NY: The Rosen Publishing Group, 2003; Fletcher, Molly. [18] In order to receive funding from bin Laden, Zawahiri reoriented the EIJ away from seeking to establish an Islamic State in Egypt and towards Al-Qaedas global brand of jihadism that aimed at destroying the United States. "[14], A 2003 decision by an American court named Islamic Jihad as the name used by Hezbollah for its attacks in Lebanon, and parts of the Middle East, and Europe. Rather than significantly weakening al-Qaeda, however, these realities prompted a structural evolution and the growth of franchising. Increasingly, attacks were orchestrated not only from above by the centralized leadership (after the U.S. invasion of Afghanistan, based in the Afghan-Pakistani border regions) but also by the localized, relatively autonomous cells it encouraged. Soon after the Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan in 1989, Sharif, Zawahiri, and other EIJ leaders joined bin Laden in Khartoum, where he was hosted by Sudans government. [4] Wright, Lawrence. Annual Lecture on China: Frayed RelationsThe United States and China, Virtual Event 30 Sept. 2015; Egyptian Islamic Jihad. Encyclopedia of the Middle East, 2007. 20 August 2015. Al-Qaeda began as a logistical network to support Images on this blog are copyright to their respective owners. [4] They demanded the departure of all Americans from Lebanon and took responsibility for a number of kidnappings, assassinations, and bombings of embassies and peacekeeping troops which killed several hundred people. The Looming Tower. From Secularism to Jihad: Sayyid Qutb and the Foundations of Radical Islamism. The rocket attacks were carried out by the Palestinian Islamic Jihad, an Iran-funded terrorist group which enjoys the protection of Hamas in Gaza. 20 August 2015. Kourani was arrested in the Bronx for providing, attempting, and conspiring to provide material support to Hizballah; receiving and conspiring to receive military-type training from Hizballah; a related weapons offense that is alleged to have involved, among other weapons, a rocket-propelled grenade launcher and machine guns; violating and conspiring to violate the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA); and naturalization fraud to facilitate an act of international terrorism. 2006. pg. New York, NY: Vintage Books. The EIJs early funding sources are largely unknown. 20 August 2015; Egyptian Islamic Jihad. Encyclopedia of the Middle East, 2007. Egyptian Islamic Jihad. Council of Foreign Relations, 30 May 2008. Based on information el Debek provided to the FBI, FBI bomb technicians have assessed that el Debek received extensive training as a bomb-maker, has a high degree of technical sophistication in the area, and was trained in techniques and methods similar to those used to construct the improvised explosive device used in Hizballahs 2012 Burgas, Bulgaria, bus bombing, a bombing that el Debek reported was carried out by a relative of his. 30 Sept. 2015; Brief Biography of Ayman al-Zawahiri. Combating Terrorism Center at West Point, Date unknown. Understanding Terror Networks. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004, p.147; Wright, Lawrence. These claims have yet to be substantiated.[27]. Kourani was presented on Friday, June 2, before Magistrate Judge Barbara Moses in Manhattan federal court. May 25, 2022, Backgrounder [5] Wright, Lawrence. Ties between EIJ and al-Qaeda continued to deepen. The Global Jihad Brotherhood: Egyptian Islamic Jihad and the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan. 24 Sept. 2001. [2] The EIJ also was known for its specialty training and strategic planning skills, which it likely acquired while fighting alongside the Mujahedeen in the Soviet-Afghan War in the late 1980s. EIJ, in cooperation with al-Gamaa al-Islamiyya (GI/GAI), assassinated Sadat in retribution for brokering a peace deal with Israel and his ties with the U.S., and further, hoped that if Sadat were killed, the Egyptian state would be crippled enough that the EIJ could seize control. [25], Partially as a result of these setbacks, Zawahiri chose to merge the EIJ into Al Qaeda in 1998. 30 Sept. 2015. [8] Brief Biography of Ayman al-Zawahiri. Combating Terrorism Center at West Point, Date unknown. Id like to thank the hundreds of investigators who comprise the FBIs New York JTTF and display constant vigilance on our behalf, and I encourage the public to remain engaged and to immediately report suspicious activity to law enforcement., Commissioner ONeill said: As part of his work for Hezbollah, Kourani and others allegedly conducted covert surveillance of potential targets, including U.S. military bases and Israeli military personnel here in New York City. The Islamic Jihad Organization IJO (Arabic: , romanized:arakat al-Jihd al-'Islmiyy) or Organisation du Jihad Islamique (OJI) in French, but best known as "Islamic Jihad" (Arabic: Jihad al-Islami) for short, was a Shia[3] militia known for its activities in the 1980s during the Lebanese Civil War. [23] Mabruks capture was devastating for the EIJ because while the EIJ was organized in a cell structure, designed to prevent one member from being able to identify the rest of the membership if captured, Mabruk as the membership director had a computer containing the name and addresses of all EIJ members. [12] Wright, Lawrence. Some 16-18 rockets were fired into southern Israel, most of which were intercepted by the Iron Dome missile defense system or landed in open fields, the Israeli news website Ynet reported. Web. The Egyptian Islamic Group (EIJ) was a militant Islamist organization founded in 1979 as a splinter of the Muslim Brotherhood. Web. "[26], Hala Jaber calls it a name "deliberately contrived by the Iranian Revolutionary Guards and their recruits to cast confusion. [4] However, the EIJ did not gain international notoriety until its successful assassination of Egyptian President Anwar Sadat on October 6, 1981. Some reports indicate that they merged with Hezbollah afterwards, with their leader Imad Mughniyeh appointed head of that party's overseas security apparatus. Because 12 lunar months multiplied by 29.53 days equals 354.36 days, the Islamic calendar will always be approximately 11 days shorter than the Western (Gregorian) calendar. Understanding Terror Networks. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger, 2005. Web. The organizations terrorist activity or terrorism must threaten the security of U.S. nationals or the national security (national defense, foreign relations, or the economic interests) of the United States. [10] Fletcher, Molly. Signals to other governments our concern about named organizations. Egyptian Islamic Jihad (EIJ) allied with the al-Qaeda network in the late 1990s, and the two groups merged in 2001. [3] Farraj was originally a member of the Muslim Brotherhood, but split from the organization to form the EIJ following the Muslim Brotherhoods renunciation of violence in the late 1970s. Omissions? In July 2012, an IJO operative detonated explosives on a bus transporting Israeli tourists in the vicinity of an airport in Burgas, Bulgaria, which killed six people and injured 32 others. 8 Oct. 2015. 26 Aug. 2014; Gebara, Khalil. Altogether, these attacks killed 659 people [22]. by Jonathan Masters and Will Merrow 20 August 2015. Attempted assassination of Kuwaiti ruler (Emir) Sheikh, 10 February 1986. He was replaced by Ramadan Abdallah Shallah, a British-educated Palestinian, who taught Middle Eastern courses at the University of South Florida from 1990 to 1995. Qadura Fares, the head of the organization, said at least 250 Islamic Jihad prisoners in multiple facilities would take part in the strike, and that 100 of them would begin refusing water after one week. Our announcement today also reveals, however, that the dozens of agencies working together with our FBI JTTFs nationwide are just as determined to disrupt the plans of those working to harm our communities. New York, NY: The Rosen Publishing Group, 2003; Fletcher, Molly. From Secularism to Jihad: Sayyid Qutb and the Foundations of Radical Islamism. The IMU in June 2014 joined Tehrik-e Taliban Pakistan fighters in a deadly siege of Karachi International Airport that killed 37. 3 Oct. 2015; Statement of Reasons: Egyptian Islamic Jihad (EIJ). Parliament of Australia, 27 March 2007. A designation may be revoked by an Act of Congress, or set aside by a Court order. 20 August 2015. Which is where Hezbollahs external operations apparatus, the Islamic Jihad Organization or Unit 910, comes into play. Furthermore, the EIJ played an important role in Al Qaedas September 11, 2001 attacks of the World Trade Center in New York City, for which Zawahiri is thought to have led the organizational planning. 1 Oct. 2015; Egyptian Islamic Jihad. Encyclopedia of the Middle East, 2007. Web. 30 Sept. 2015. 30 Sept. 2015. [8], After serving three-year jail terms, Sharif andZawahiri released from jail in the 1984 and, along with many other EIJ members, emigrated to Peshawar, Afghanistan in 1986, where they set up new headquarters for the EIJ. Web. New York, NY: Vintage Books. He later claimed to the FBI that the purpose of the trip was to meet with medical device manufacturers and other businessmen. [7] Among those arrested and jailed were many of the EIJs future leaders, including Aymenn al-Zawahiri, Abbud al-Zumar, and Sayyed Imam al-Sharif. Web. Fathi Shaqaqi moved from Gaza to Egypt to study medicine and became active with the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood. [23] Salah, Muhammad. Archived from the original on 2015-02-15. The US State Department in June 2005 designated the IJU a Foreign Terrorist Organization. 10 Oct. 2015. Stigmatizes and isolates designated terrorist organizations internationally. There is some debate as to whether the merger was both begun and completed in 1998, or if the process was more gradual, and complete unification was not finalized until 2001. WebThe Islamic Jihad Organization (IJO), which is also known as the External Security Organization and 910, is a component of Hizballah responsible for the planning and The IJO suffered a setback in 1986 when their temporary abduction of four Soviet diplomats carried out previously in September 1985 ended up in the assassination of one hostage. The Islamic Jihad, or as it is officially called The Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine, is a radical Muslim terror organization operating in the Middle East. 26 Aug. 2014; Wright, Lawrence. v. Islamic Republic of Iran", "Two Iranian exiles are assassinated in Paris", http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2245&dat=19840208&id=8pUzAAAAIBAJ&sjid=bjIHAAAAIBAJ&pg=5419,3921052, 1992 Patterns of Global Terrorism: The Year in Review, http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19851212-0, http://www.sandford.org/gandercrash/investigations/majority_report/html/_i.shtml, Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information. [5] Ayman al-Zawahiri. GlobalSecurity.org, Date unknown. [1] In addition to its opposition to the governments secular nature, the EIJ was particularly opposed to Sadats 1979 peace treaty with Israel. 186. [9] Sageman, Marc. [3] Journalist Robin Wright has described it as "more of an information network for a variety of cells of movements", rather than a centralized organization. Islamic Jihad, for example, claims to have kidnapped 20 August 2015. Corrections? Bin Ladin Front Reportedly Brough CBW from E. Europe. Al-Hayah, 20 April 1999. The Islamic year contains 12 months, none of which can exceed 30 days. "Spanish bomb blast blamed on Jihad / Madrid restaurant explosion blamed on Muslim group.". Web. [11], By the mid-1980s Hizbollah leaders are reported to have admitted their involvement in the attacks and the nominal nature of "Islamic Jihad" - that it was merely a `telephone organisation,`[12][13] and[14] Those attacks, along with EIJs failed attempt to assassinate Egyptian Pres. Renewing America, Backgrounder The founders of the Palestinian Islamic Jihad, Fathi Shaqaqi and Abd al-Aziz Awda, were students in Egypt and members of the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood until the late 1970s when they decided that the brotherhood was becoming too moderate and insufficiently committed to the Palestinian cause. Web.
Web. [24] Thus, following Mabruks capture, the Egyptian government was able to round up a large portion of the EIJ members remaining in Egypt, including two leaders of the groups European cell, Ahmed Ibrahim al-Naggar and Ahmed Ismail Osman. Taiwan has the potential to be a flash point in U.S.-China relations. Web. "Errors By Crew Reportedly Cited in Gander Crash", Iranian Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (Pasdaran), 1992 Israeli Embassy attack in Buenos Aires, List of weapons of the Lebanese Civil War, "Hezbollah's most wanted commander killed in Syria bomb", " .. ", "Islamic Jihad Organization (Lebanon) / Islamic Jihad (IJO)", "Tehran's master terrorist, Imad Mughniyah and the forgotten road to 9/11 part I of II", "Karrubi: Iran knows Islamic Jihad only through media", "Anne Dammarell et al. At this time, the Sudanese government also began to pressure bin Laden to leave the country, which he appears to have done in May 1996. New York, NY: Vintage Books. Additionally, the leader and organizer of the 9/11 hijackers was a man named Mohammed Atta, who was also a former EIJ member. (no casualties)[4], November 1995: The EIJ claimed responsibility for assassinating an Egyptian diplomat in Geneva. Assistant U.S. The Islamic Jihad Organization IJO (Arabic language: , Harakat al-Jihad al-Islami) or Organisation du Jihad Islamique (OJI) in French, but best known as Islamic Jihad (Arabic: Jihad al-Islami) for short, was a fundamentalist Shia group known for its activities in the 1980s during the Lebanese Civil War. The user can change map settings to display different features (e.g., leadership changes), adjust the time scale, and trace individual groups. Among those extradited was Aymenn al-Zawahiris brother Mohammed, who was believed to have been one of the groups top military commanders. [20] Fletcher, Molly. [2] The EIJ was again forced to relocate to Afghanistan after the Sudanese government expelled it in 1996. 20 August 2015. 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