Your web browser is out of date. (Sickening, utterly worthless, shameful trash, wrote Roger Ebert.) The 19th century archaeological museum in the ancient Roman city of Pompeii, the Antiquarium, has undergone a major refurbishment, re-opening as a permanent exhibition space. According to Suetonius, the elite garden was haunted by Caligulas ghost. It comes stocked with its own art collection. Information Address Piazza Vittorio Emanuele II, 78 Timetables The Museum can be visited by appointment Contacts Email: museoninfeo@enpam.it Online reservation: www.museoninfeo.it/prenotazioni Web site: www.museoninfeo.it/il-museo Interactive map Choose events and services nearby + - Leaflet | OpenStreetMap contributors Now some of those ruins have been unearthed for good, and the organization owning the property (Enpam, indeed) has decided to turn part of their headquarters into a museum. | Sign up for the Science Times newsletter. [The Toledo Blade], Here are 12 essential art history books. Trending Podcasts. [The Wall Street Journal], A painting of Tintin could set a new auction recordfor comic art in an upcoming Paris. Caligulas ornate palace recalls one hollywood regency mansion: donald trump's mar-a-lago. Attractions.io announces new partnership with Roarr! Learn how your comment data is processed. The museum exhibits the remains of a large square with a nymphaeum, showing the decorations that adorned it, the objects that were used here, the plants and animals that adorned its lush gardens. Unfortunately, Serlorenzi said, its hard to see because of the elevator shaft in the middle.. Given the descriptions of Caligulas licentious lifestyle and appetite for luxury, we might have expected the designs to be quite gauche.. Heres How To Move To Norway In 2023, The Ultimate Guide To 7 Affordable Easter Getaways With Generator Hostel, The Vast Baja Peninsula Awaits Adventurous Travelers, Washington, D.C. Readies For The National Cherry Blossom Festival, Discover These Top 5 Spring Break Hotel Deals Across Canada, speaking to Italian newspaper Il Messaggero, said to have inherited this extravagant property, fears Caligulas ghost remained to haunt the gardens. Update your browser for more security, Within the park in the center of Piazza Vittorio Emanuele II are the ruins of a monumental fountain, the Nymphaeum of Alexander Severus, as well as "the Magic Door." The latter is a small stretch of wall with a doorway framed by two strange figures. By the time of his assassination in 41 A.D., the Roman emperor Caligula was infamous for his violent streak and extravagant amusements, including a huge compound featuring a bathhouse adorned with precious colored marble and space for exotic animals. 2023 Smithsonian Magazine But this spring, Italys Ministry of Cultural Heritage, Cultural Activities and Tourism will open the Nymphaeum Museum of Piazza Vittorio, a subterranean gallery that will showcase a section of the imperial garden that was unearthed during an excavation from 2006 to 2015. Meticulously researched sketches of the Horti Lamiani for mural depictions of the garden that will go in the Nymphaeum Museum. [The Atlanta Journal-Constitution], The Smithsonian is partnering with PBSto publish educational programs online. Jason Horowitz is the Rome bureau chief of The Times, covering Italy, the Vatican, Greece and other parts of Southern Europe. However when pension management company Enpam bought a condemned 19th century apartment complex, they agreed to an archaeological dig at the same time as they were rebuilding above ground. The classicist Daisy Dunn said the finds were even more extravagant than scholars had anticipated. It is a small but evocative section of the sprawling Horti Lamiani, imperial gardens that the Roman emperor Caligula, historys most wild and crazy guy, used for his depraved blowouts during his four-year reign of prurient terror 2,000 years ago. A new home in Los Angeles is hitting the market with a $350 million price tag. Caligula instead is just one imperial covfefe.. Il Museo Ninfeo espone principalmente le strutture e i reperti di un'area degli Horti Lamiani, una lussuosa residenza che visse tra il I secolo a.C. e il VI secolo d.C. Pi di duemila anni storia riemersi dalla terra e . The latest excavation of the horti unfolded under the detritus of the residences, which had been evacuated in the 1970s in the wake of a building collapse. Advertising Notice With the name of Museo Ninfeo, Enpam has established a new underground archaeological site which is built around the ruins that were underneath the palazzo in the first place: the archaeological dig is the Nymphaeum (hence the name of the new museum) of the Horti Lamiani, a lavish complex with gardens (the "horti"), temples and an opulent mansion Archeologists unearthed coins, jewels, theatre masks, fragments of fountains, exotic seeds from plants like citron and apricot, the bones of animals like peacocks, ostriches and lions and the tooth of a bear. Per the, Today, the property belongs to pension management company, Sailko via Wikimedia Commons under CC BY 3.0, Michael from NYC via Flickr under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0, Dried Lake Reveals New Statue on Easter Island. But thats exactly what happened at one corner of the citys biggest square. Livia Gershon is a daily correspondent for Smithsonian. When the piazza and the surrounding buildings were created around 1880, there was talk of the amount of Roman remains found in the area, but at the time nobody really cared for saving them, apart from a few sensational findings. Outside the Enpam building where the the Horti Lamiani was discovered. A historic drawing imagines sees the young emperor Caligula choosing a gladiator. A restored original module of a frescoed wall from the age of Caligula and Claudius, right, and, at left, a reconstructive drawing of the stages of the process to recreate the fresco. By the fourth century, the gardens had apparently fallen into desuetude, and statuary in the abandoned pavilions was broken into pieces to build the foundations of a series of spas. The floor will expand the appeal and reach of the UNESCO World Heritage site. Places for meeting and prayer: piazzas may be noisy or romantic, but always full of charm, Basilicas, small churches and futuristic buildings play leading roles in the Eternal City. Il Museo Ninfeo l'ultimo museo archeologico nato a Roma, situato al di sotto del palazzo Enpam a Piazza Vittorio. Among the stunning examples of ancient Roman artistry are elaborate mosaics and frescoes, a marble staircase, capitals of colored marble and limestone, and an imperial guards bronze brooch inset with gold and mother-of-pearl. The museum itself is the remains of a square, one of the central parts of the Nymphaeum and the Horti, along with the objects and art found there. His What in the World! podcast is a fun look at the latest weird and paranormal news, strange sports stories and odd trivia. Send us a tip using our anonymous form. (AP Photo/Michael Conroy). Italy is clearly looking to the future, capitalising on its rich history with other attractions aimed at the tourist sector. The heart of the multi-ethnic Esquilino district. Soldiers called him Caligula, or Little Boots, and the name stuck. To receive Morning Links in your inbox every weekday,signupfor ourBreakfast with ARTnews newsletter. A marble bust of Caligula on display in Palazzo Massimo in Rome. The pension company that owns the building, Enpam, invested $3.5 million in the archeological dig, which was carried out while a new office building was being constructed above the site. The shows are waiting for you. An 18th century Dutch etching of Caligulas assassination in A.D. 41. Italy's Ministry of Cultural Heritage, Cultural Activities and Tourism plans to open the subterranean gallery, dubbed the Nymphaeum Museum of Piazza Vittorio, this spring. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. What all of this does for Caligulas seemingly irredeemable reputation is an open question. You have to squint hard to envision the bacchanals of yore, a task made more challenging by the fact that the once sun-kissed garden is now in a pension funds basement. Digging beneath crumbling 19th-century buildings, they found a wealth of jewelry, coins and pottery, as well as seeds from imported Asian plants like citron and apricot plus the bones of peacocks, lions and bears. Il Messaggero reports on the excavation of what archeologists call the Domus Aurea (Golden Dome) of Caligula. speed and the best experience on this site. Actual wild animals, including lions and bears, entertained the guests, as peacocks and deer roamed amid rosebushes, olive trees, fruit trees, and statues. Terms of Use Evidence suggests that after Caligulas violent death he was hacked to bits by his bodyguards the house and garden survived at least until the Severan dynasty, which ruled from A.D. 193 to 235. Archaeologists discovered a rich array of finds, including ceramics, glass, gems and coins. Visitors will be able to see a section of the imperial garden, complete with artifacts including a marble staircase and elaborate frescoes. Caligula was a capricious, combustible first-century populist remembered, perhaps unfairly, as the empires most tyrannical ruler, Lidz says. Then theres the Horti Lamiani (Lamian Gardens) which the emperors home was famous for. Caligulas older brothers, accused of treason by Tiberius, their great-uncle, were themselves whacked. As construction crews erected the five-story office building, archaeologists in a trench 18 feet below street level gingerly screened and scraped away soil. The remains of part of the notorious emperor's Horti Lamiani (as it was then called) were excavated from under the rubble of a derelict 19th-century apartment building. Last month it was revealed that Pompeiians liked to eat out as archaeologists discovered an ancient fast-food outlet. In 41, the reviled emperor was stabbed to death in a conspiracy organized by members of the Praetorian Guard, the Senate and the equestrian order. The shows title is a playful riff on the filmDowntown 81, which starsJean-Michel Basquiat. They also unearthed evidence of the natural life of the gardens seeds of plants and trees imported from Asia, and the bones of lions, bears, deer and ostriches. Then he started large public works projects, such as the Claudia and Anio Novus aqueducts, which brought water and jobs to Rome. Every corner of Rome conceals a historic building, a fountain, a monument to explore. Every day is a journey, and the journey itself is home. But they should open up new vistas on his world, and reveal it to be every bit as paradisiacal as he desired it to be.. Caligulas pleasure gardens beneath the streets of Rome, to be opened to the public. This story appears in the April 2021 issue of Town & Country. Cookie Policy Dunn tells the New York Times that having the old pleasure garden on display may provide the public with a new window into Caligulas life. From an ancient neighborhood to its modern incarnation as a . nadia shira cohen The garden had a fountain sanctuary consecrated to the water nymphs. According to the ancient Roman historian Suetonius, the gardens are haunted by the ghost of Caligula, adding an extra frisson to the experience. [Archinect], The Toledo Museum of Art in Ohio has a new director of development:Jenny Wensink, a former fundraiser at Bowling Green State University. Per Philip Willan of the London Times, wealthy Roman senator Lucius Aelius Lamia commissioned construction of the estates main house and gardens. The two original Greek masks sit on styrofoam beds in the back room by a coffee vending machine. Knife handles and other decorative fragments of items from the era of Caligulas rule at the Nymphaeum Musem. Managed by Italy's Ministry of Cultural Heritage,. Hes also said to have forced senators to run for miles in front of his chariot and carried on affairs with his allies wives. A pipe of the Horti Lamiani bearing the imprimatur of the emperor Claudius. Italy has never wanted for pleasure palaces. An exhibit space of over 1,000 square meters that returns to the city a place full of history and charm, an exceptional archaeological context that came to light on the Esquiline Hill during the works for the construction of the headquarters of Enpam - National Doctors and Dentists Social Security and Welfare Body, which then collaborated with the Special Superintendence of Rome. If youre familiar with Rome, youll know that the Piazza Vittorio Emanuele square in the Esquiline/Esquilino district, not far from the big train/bus hub at Termini, has just been reopened after a drawn-out series of works that have lasted for 2 years. He is also writing an essay about important venues that have closed over the past couple years. The lush gardens are evoked by flowerpots. They treated themselves well, said Angelo Raffaele Cipriani, an official at the pension fund who is overseeing the completion of the museum. The Museum's Canyon Caf is open 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. daily and closed Tuesdays (hours subject to change). This is not the first archeological dig to become a subterranean gallery in Rome. Other Roman emperors lived longer, had more fame, conquered more lands and ended more lives, but Caligula remains the favorite of many because of short reign of cruelty, sadism, extravagance, and sexual perversion made famous by Malcolm McDowell in the cult classic, Caligula. While parts of the movie are fiction, new facts have emerged about Gaius Caesar Augustus Germanicus, nicknamed Caligula (little boot) by his fathers soldiers, in the form of his extravagant house and garden, which has finally been excavated in central Rome and set to go on display. Historians have long pointed out the similarities between historys most outrageous Caesar and Trump. More than a couple, said Cipriani, who lamented that the fire department had sealed off a special door between the pension funds presidents parking spot and Caligulas steps. In 2006, excavations began beneath the 19th-century office building located on the Esquiline Hill, across which the original property would have extended. Still, they remained in use at least until the time of the Severan dynasty, which ruled from 193 to 235 A.D. By the fourth century, the gardens had been abandoned, only to be rediscovered in 1874. Inside the villas on the grounds, Pompeii-red frescoes covered walls that often sparkled with astonishing quantities of garnets, carnelians, and rubies. And after hours, Cipriani said, visitors could unleash their inner Caligulas at convention cocktail hours on the museum floor. The infamous Roman emperors extravagant tastes included opulent marble and exotic animals. Roman karma? Were going to have a big party, she said. Relics from the favorite hideaway of ancient Romes most infamous tyrant have been recovered and put on display by archaeologists. A close collaborator and friend to emperor Tiberius, Lamia bequeathed the property to the emperor himself the area became owned by the empire and Caligula was even buried here for a short time after his death. itinerary explore a small but evocative section of the gardens and winds around the remains of a large square with a nymphaeum, showing its . But even the freaky older man was spooked by the young Caligula. The gardens and house had been commissioned by Roman senator Lucius Aelius Lamia, who may have bequeathed it to Tiberius, his close friend. We may earn commission on some of the items you choose to buy. Beneath a 1950s apartment block, archeologists discovered a luxury Roman villa with intricate mosaic flooding, also now transformed into an underground museum. Images courtesy The Archeological Park of Pompeii. Italy relies heavily on its tourism industry. Top ways to experience Piazza della Vittoria and nearby attractions Capri Blue Grotto Boat Tour From Sorrento 208 Recommended Full-day Tours from $138.29 per adult Secrets Walks of Sorrento with Locals 31 Recommended Walking Tours from $52.53 per adult Full-Day Capri Island Cruise from Sorrento 508 Recommended Day Trips from $122.21 per adult Well see you tomorrow. The move could prevent any such sale. Archeologists began excavating the site in 2006. The marble surfaces are also of remarkable sophistication with intricate, multicolored patterns. We have to imagine in this place animals running free as if it were an enchanted landscape, but also animals ferocious that were used, as in the Colosseum, for private circus games. Buried for centuries beneath Romes streets, the remains of the lavish Horti Lamiani will be visitable by the public this spring. Paul Seaburn is the editor at Mysterious Universe and its most prolific writer. Countless exhibitions in Rome in public and private galleries, exhibition spaces and outdoor settings. The focus was on equipping the newly appointed capital of Italy with modern residences, offices, and infrastructures so the precious vestiges were destroyed, or buried once more. At one, he accused a slave of stealing, chopped off his hands, hung them around the mutilated mans own neck, and then presented him as dinner entertainment. Tiberius died in AD 37; his pet viper was said to have had a hand in it. But this spring, Italy's Ministry of Cultural Heritage, Cultural Activities and Tourism will open the Nymphaeum Museum of Piazza Vittorio, a subterranean gallery that will showcase a section of. Old school vibe from the very beginning is the only way to describe the Esquilino neighborhood. [The Times], The curator and photo editor Alice Rose George has died at 76. In an evocative eyewitness account, the philosopher Philo, who visited the estate in A.D. 40 on behalf of the Jews of Alexandria, and his fellow emissaries had to trail behind Caligula as he inspected the sumptuous residences examining the mens rooms and the womens rooms and giving orders to make them more costly. The emperor, wrote Philo, ordered the windows to be filled up with transparent stones resembling white crystal that do not hinder the light, but which keep out the wind and the heat of the sun.. The ruins of Caligulas imperial gardens are now on view at the new Nymphaeum Museum of Piazza Vittorio. A theatrical mask in marble dust, recovered from the Horti Lamiani, the pleasure garden of the Roman emperor Caligula. Priceless works of art: find them in Romes museums. Rome. Please enter your username or email address. Subscribe today and save! When Caligula succeeded him it is rumored that Caligula and the Praetorian Guard prefect Macro hastened the death of Tiberius by smothering him with a pillow he moved into the main house. Hearst Magazine Media, Inc. All Rights Reserved. With the Esquiline Hill in the midst of a building boom, the Italian archaeologist Rodolfo Lanciani nosed around freshly excavated construction sites and uncovered an immense gallery with an alabaster floor and fluted columns of giallo antico, considered the finest of the yellow marbles. [ARTnews]. She has written for JSTOR Daily, the Daily Beast, the Boston Globe, HuffPostand Vice, among others. Depictions of the garden by Simone Boni of Ink Link at the Nymphaeum Museum. Given the descriptions of Caligulas licentious lifestyle and appetite for luxury, we might have expected the designs to be quite gauche.. I doubt these new discoveries will do much to rehabilitate his character, she says. Sympathy for Caligula isnt unknown among historians who view the popular image of the Emperor as overblown. From classic ballet to contemporary dance, Rome is always moving. This was the Caligula that has captured the public imagination and dirty minds and led to the 1979 film Caligula, from Penthouse Films International. Here stood once a sector of the Horti Lamiani, a lavish and vast pleasure garden built by the consul Lucius Aelius Lamia at the beginning of the 1st century AD. The new Nymphaeum Museum in Rome unearths what it was like to party in AD 41, and it's finally open to all after a nine-year excavation. . Found under the offices 19th-century of Enpam, a company that manages doctors pensions, the excavation was long and tedious because the office had to be propped up on columns and the extraordinary amount of artifacts that were uncovered. Putting the show together during the pandemic, it became somewhat of a love letter to New York, Gordon said, and a statement that yes there is still so much going, so much of interestnot in the Hamptons or Palm Beach per se, where all the pop-up galleries got so much press, but here in Brooklyn, Queens, from small artist-run spaces to 5,000-square-foot spaces. The exhibition runs through January 30. A break from the chaos of the city immersed in the greenery of historic villas, parks and gardens. The Pantheon's most emblematic feature is its perfect unsupported spherical dome. The first is a digital assistant which provides service information. Visitors will only be allowed in over the weekends, with a mandatory booking, and they will have to produce their vaccine certificate (Green Pass, for those who are acquainted with the Italian Covid lingo). The new space, in the basement of Enpam, brings to light one of the mythical places of the empires capital, one of the garden residences loved by the emperors, said Daniela Porro, the museum director. The refurbishment of Antiquarium and its new iteration comes after a long and chequered history. There, just on the edge of the city, villas, shrines and banquet halls were set in carefully constructed natural landscapes. Claudio Borgognoni, center, returned a vase to a container on the walls of the Nymphaeum Museum. The fourth of the 12 Caesars, Caligula officially, Gaius Julius Caesar Germanicus was a capricious, combustible first-century populist remembered, perhaps unfairly, as the empires most tyrannical ruler. The subterranean Nymphaeum Museum of Piazza Vittorio is set to open this spring following a $3.5 million excavation. Archaeologist Mirella Serlorenzi, who was in charge of the excavation, describes the structures and artifacts that will be on display at the new Nymphaeum Museum in Piazza Vittorio. But to find Italian historys ultimate animal house, you have to visit the Rome headquarters of the National Insurance and Assistance Body for Doctors and Dentists. minutes away from our very own Via Mecenate. Theres a bar in the back for catering, he said giddily. I am nursing a viper for the Roman people, he reportedly said. Emperor from 37 to 41 CE, Caligula was notorious for his tyrannical behavior, a much propagated reputation but one which is often disputed by historians. Gothamistpublished part of a letter that a local community board sent to Related following the first suicide at the landmark, which was last February, in askingwhat the company was doing to prevent future deaths. Alas, I doubt these new discoveries will do much to rehabilitate his character, says one scholar. Your Privacy Choices: Opt Out of Sale/Targeted Ads. These spaces are archives of personal and public lives, repositories of creativity, the shows curator, artistSam Gordon, toldARTnewsin an email interview. .css-1du65oy{color:#323232;display:block;font-family:NewParis,Georgia,Times,serif;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0.3125rem;margin-top:0;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-font-smoothing:auto;}@media (any-hover: hover){.css-1du65oy:hover{color:link-hover;}}@media(max-width: 48rem){.css-1du65oy{font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.2;}}@media(min-width: 40.625rem){.css-1du65oy{font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.2;}}@media(min-width: 64rem){.css-1du65oy{font-size:1.3125rem;line-height:1.2;}}Alex Murdaugh's Murder Trial Is Ongoing, Damien Hirst Donated More than $10 Million to NHS, How to Help After Earthquake Hits Turkey, Syria, Jeff Bezos Pledges to Donate Most of His Wealth, Mastermind Behind Varsity Blues Gets 3.5 Years. Historians have long believed that the remains of the lavish houses and parkland would never be recovered. On all sides of the piazza, which is the largest in Rome, are grand buildings with porticoes. It is not hard to imagine animals, some caged and some running wild, in this enchanted setting. The science of antiquities department of the Sapienza University of Rome collaborated on the project. On another occasion he invited a father to dinner after ordering his sons execution and required him to be merry if he wanted his remaining son to survive. It has 55 UNESCO World heritage sites. During the four years that Caligula occupied the Roman throne, his favorite hideaway was an imperial pleasure garden called Horti Lamiani, the Mar-a-Lago of its day. Sale degli Horti Lamiani inside the Palazzo dei Conservatori of the Capitoline Museums, Rome (Photo [+] by Marilla Sicilia/Archivio Marilla Sicilia/Mondadori Portfolio via Getty Images). 3D. In SPQR, her rich history of ancient Rome, she argues that it is hard to resist the conclusion that, whatever kernel of truth they might have, the stories told about him are an inextricable mixture of fact, exaggeration, willful misinterpretation and outright invention largely constructed after his death, and largely for the benefit of the new emperor, Claudius., Whether Caligula got a raw deal from history is a subject of hot and unyielding debate. Nymphaeum of Jerash: This well-preserved example was originally embellished with marble facings on the lower level and painted plaster on the upper level, topped with a half-dome roof. If you happen to be round this part of town, keep an eye out for a rather mysterious gate in the middle of Piazza Vittorio, protected by two statues of the Egyptian god Bes, a coded message that no one has yet managed to crack, deepening its mystery. The new museum is right on the site of the discovery of an exceptional archaeological context, which came to light in the area of Piazza Vittorio during the works for the construction of the . The Esquilino takes pride in being one of the oldest areas in Rome for its key location on one of the city's famous seven hills. Download Nymphaeum of Alexander Severus at Piazza Vittorio. They were created by the consul Lucius Aelius Lamia, a friend of Emperor Tiberius, and they soon became imperial property. Troops at the army post where the young Gaius grew up gave him the nickname Caligula, meaning little boota reference to the child-sized military sandal-boots he wore, according to History.coms Jennie Cohen. NASA's Photos From Mars: Don't Tell Me the Red Planet Wasn't Once a Thriving World! In its centre is a large garden, which boasts the remains of a Nymphaeum built by the emperor Alexander Severus (r. 222-35), the so-called Trophies of Marius, and the famous 17th . [The Washington Post], Jia Yi Gu has been named director of the MAK Center for Art and Architecturein Los Angeles. [Designboom], The San Francisco Board of Supervisors has begun the process of designating as a landmark the Diego Rivera muralthat the financially precarious San Francisco Art Institute has considered selling. It also brings out of storage many items only seen previously intravelling exhibitions. We took a couple more parking spaces, Serlorenzi said as we walked down to a lower level, where archaeologists discovered a staircase from the time of the Caesars. They soon became imperial property and the favorite hideaway of many emperors, including Claudius, Caligula and Severus Alexander, who modified and personalized them. Still, everyone involved wanted to show off the remains of a Xanadu that Caligulas ghost was said to haunt. His mother, Agrippina the Elder, the granddaughter of the emperor Augustus himself, used to dress Gaius up as a soldier, down to the caliga sandals on his feet. The imperial gardens, originally known as the Horti Lamiani, now lie below street level in Rome. Plugins. Nymphaeum Museum of Piazza Vittorio Conclusion Introduction The fourth of the 12 Caesars, Caligula officially, Gaius Julius Caesar Germanicus was an erratic, combustible first-century populist remembered, perhaps unfairly, as the empire's most tyrannical ruler. It was built between 1873 and 1874 byGiuseppe Fiorellias an exhibition space for archaeological finds from the ancient city and expanded in 1926 byAmedeo Maiuri. In short time, the sculptures were carted off, the foundation of an apartment building was laid, and the ancient ruins were reburied. At Silvio Berlusconis mansion in Arcore, outside Milan, attendees stripteased and beyond at the so-called .css-gegin5{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:0.0625rem;text-decoration-color:inherit;text-underline-offset:0.25rem;color:#9a0500;-webkit-transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;}.css-gegin5:hover{color:#595959;text-decoration-color:border-link-body-hover;}Bunga Bunga festivities hosted by the former prime minister, who still insists that nothing untoward ever happened at the elegant parties. Five centuries earlier, Agostino Chigi, a financier to popes, had Raphael fresco the walls of his palazzo on the Tiber, a place where princes, cardinals, and courtesans feasted on luxurious banquets, and one another. Outdoor settings market with a $ 3.5 million excavation ruler, Lidz says for catering, he giddily... 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