Elephants were not an obvious choice for Campbell-Staton, who has mostly focused on lizards until now. !: H3d -:Cg
Zf d1 All workshops are online, facilitated by Ambassadors, and include opportunities to interact with our resources and learn from other educators. hb```f``z' B@QKm>%QXP^miq4YtnT50WS'.*^916SqKi"%df%IE400(wt@*06sx9 g! The immune system responds to pathogens in two main ways: innate and adaptive immune responses. Watch the . Please see the Terms of Use for information on how this resource can be used. Poaching is selecting for tuskless elephants, which are more likely to survive, mate, and pass on their genes. |U#62RF>^/,[4@[S5MT3M_q+; u* %PDF-1.6
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Suggest some ways to reduce the number of elephants that are illegally killed each year. This has left a notable gap in the literature that the new paper helps to fill. This activity guides the analysis of a published scientific figure from a study involving illegal elephant poaching. This interactive module explores how different animals elephants, birds, and bats have evolved distinct ways of using sound to communicate. Not only do animals die due to poaching, but there is also additional decline because half of the male offspring from the surviving tuskless mothers do not survive., Good agrees that the findings are alarming. In this activity, students work with authentic research data to explore the impact of poaching on African elephants. 11{TO8+J1FOf%E%12Xbtb?S`8,A 7 \K(Dc6@ UJ
Scientists can use a variety of methods to survey an animal's range and population. In 1989, when elephant ethologist Joyce Poole began carrying out surveys of three East African elephant populations to understand the impact that heavy poaching was having on them, she quickly noted several stark trends. Thanks for reading Scientific American. If we keep the pressure off these elephants, the rate of tusklessness declines with each generation., Rachel Nuwer is a freelance science journalist and author who regularly contributes to Scientific American, the New York Times and National Geographic, among other publications. We know we have a lot of work to do to address racial inequities in science teaching. Create your free account or Sign in to continue. Tusklessness, according to a new paper in Science, can be attributed in large part to a dominant mutation on the X chromosome a genetic change that also explains the sex skew Poole saw. 452 0 obj
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Working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, Dr. Joyce Poole and colleagues make a striking observation: many female elephants lack tusks. Gorongosas elephant population declined by about 90 percent, from more than 2,500 individuals in 1972 to fewer than 250 in 2000. Their current rate of decline is 8% per year, primarily due to illegal killing called poaching. But the proportion of tuskless elephants has increased in some populations. Explore our digital archive back to 1845, including articles by more than 150 Nobel Prize winners. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. endstream
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<. Natural Selection Published October 2018 www.BioInteractive.org Page 3 of 6 Activity Student Handout Video Activity 7. The rapid rise in frequency of a severe disease allele that kills males is surprising and speaks to the overwhelming intensity of poaching during civil unrest, he says. This interactive module explores how different animals elephants, birds, and bats have evolved distinct ways of using sound to communicate. These declines may be a part of Earths next mass extinction. Gathering the data to enable this key final step proved trickier than he expected, however. 2. HS-LS4-2, HS-LS4-3, HS-LS4-4, HS-LS4-5; SEP1, SEP5, SEP6, EVO-1.E, EVO-1.G, SYI-2.B, SYI-3.D; SP3, SP4, SP5, SP6, Topic(s): 2.1, 2.6, 9.10 The video discusses how the frequency of certain traits in a population can change depending on the selective pressure and provides a possible example of natural selection driven by human activity. Fortunately, another research team was carrying out a collaring project to track matriarch elephants. endstream
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<. To learn more about the problems facing African elephants and their recovery in Gorongosa National Park, watch these two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census and all of Selection for Tuskless Elephants. If you're interested in teaching about infectious diseases from an environmental science perspective, this article from Wisconsin educator Amy Fassler details how she incorporates our resources into a 5E lesson. Description This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the striking observation that many female elephants lack tusks. AQ` n&
Among the younger females, who were born after this period of heavy poaching, 33% are tuskless.For more short films and resources on elephants, visit http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/elephants Elephant Evolution and Adaptation. One type of evidence they use is genetic data. This tool can be used to add pause points, questions, and labels to any BioInteractive video. Most African elephants have tusks, but someabout 2 to 6% of females and even fewer malesnever grow them. The study shows that tuskless male elephant offspring are not viable, meaning that population decline is accentuated, Pelletier says. Key Concepts. The sex ratio of the offspring of tuskless mothers also indicated that the genetics responsible may be lethal for males. The Click & Learn uses ongoing debates about the eligibility of certain female athletes to participate in women's events as an entry point for students to learn the processes involved in human reproductive development. Poaching is artificially selecting for tuskless elephants who can better survive, mate, and pass on their genes to the next generation. This video follows scientists working in Gorongosa National Park as they try to determine the genes responsible for tusk development in elephants. This study is among the first to show that selective killing of large vertebrates can have a direct impact on evolutionary change, says Fanie Pelletier, an ecologist at the University of Sherbrooke in Quebec, who co-authored a perspective piece in Science about the research. In Gorongosa National Park, Poole found that among the older female elephants, who survived a period of heavy poaching in the park, over 50% are tuskless. If you're interested in using facilitated discussions to promote scientific literacy and empower students to make evidence-based decisions, this article from professor Holly Basta details how she restructured her course to promote student questioning and talk. After creating an account, educators can save and organize their favorite BioInteractive resources and discover recommendations tailored to their interests. In this video, biologist Shane Campbell-Staton walks through the steps of collecting DNA samples from elephants in Gorongosa National Park and how he plans to analyze their DNA sequences.For more information and related materials, visit HHMI BioInteractive:https://www.biointeractive.org/classroom-resources/genetics-tusklessness-elephants Genetics Evolution Scientific Skills & Literacy Scientists at Work High School General High School AP/IB College This film explores four decades of research on the evolution of Galpagos finches, which has illuminated how species form and diversify. But why werent there any tuskless males?. But he found himself sucked into the mystery of tuskless elephants when he watched a YouTube video about the phenomenon. For context, this course consisted of a three-credit lecture and a one-credit lab. Students will then analyze data to investigate the impact of human activity, namely poaching, on elephant populations. Look up the definition of the term poaching and summarize your understanding of what it means in the space below. Video Activity 7. In particular, they often are missing their upper lateral incisorsthe anatomical equivalent of tusks in elephants. This interactive module explores the phases, checkpoints, and protein regulators of the cell cycle. Posted on 11/01/2021 by 11/01/2021 by %PDF-1.5
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The Click & Learn uses ongoing debates about the eligibility of certain female athletes to participate in women's events as an entry point . %PDF-1.6
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In this article, professor Phil Gibson discusses how he uses modified version of our Data Point activities as simplified case studies. hbbd```b``"wH&NQ
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Students use scientific evidence and reasoning to construct an explanation of and develop an argument for tusklessness in elephant populations. iU Discover world-changing science. Discover implementation ideas, lesson sequences, resource modifications, quick tips, and more in this collection of videos and in-depth articles. Shane Campbell-Staton of Princeton University, co-lead author of the new paper, has spent his career studying the ways that humans force such evolutionary changes across the tree of life. Scientific Explanation of Evolution by Natural Selection. 415 0 obj
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(The first six weeks, as well as the culminating project . This video follows the work of researchers conducting the first census. a. Most African . Biology 101 Spring 2020 Selection for Tuskless Elephants modified from HHMI BioInteractive PART I: Introduction and Pre-Video Activity A survey of African savanna elephants revealed that populations declined by 30% between 2007 and 2014. In this study, scientists used DNA profiling to determine where ivory seized from poachers had originated. This activity guides students through learning and using key scientific terms, culminating in the creation of a customizable diagram. Real science, real stories, and real data to engage students in exploring the living world. By watching segments of this video, students will follow the analyses and discoveries of Joyce Poole, a scientist who has studied elephants for many years. In this video Dr. Joyce Poole explains a possible reason. Only Meat: 19/129 * (100%) = 14.73% b. Knowledge awaits. Hear how experienced science educators are using BioInteractive resources with their students. Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots. chromosome, differences in sex development (DSD), estrogen, Olympics, ovary, primary/secondary sex characteristic, sex determining region Y (SRY), testes, testosterone, X inactivation. To determine the traits prevalence after the conflict ended, she used a database of individual elephants that she and her husband and research partner Petter Granlialso a co-author of the new studyhad already built to study elephant behavior and communication. The resource is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license. One of the genes, AMELX, is known from decades of basic research in mice and humans to play a role in mammalian tooth development. Description. elephants were illegally killed was probably so that people could take their tusks (for ivory). Africa, adaptation, Gorongosa, microevolution, scientific methodology, scientific process, selective pressure, trait. 0
7. The more killing there was, the more tuskless females you got.
Working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, Dr. Joyce Poole and colleagues make a striking observation: many female elephants lack tusks. HHMI is investing in increasing racial, ethnic, and gender diversity in academic science to create environments in which everyone can thrive. rev-a-shelf 6942-28-11-52; stride rite sandals baby girl; five spice beef noodle soup Scientific Explanation of Evolution by Natural Selection. Selection for Tuskless Elephants. In Gorongosa National Park, Poole found that among the older female elephants that survived a period of heavy poaching in the park, over 50% are tuskless. 316 0 obj
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Answers Biointeractive Hhmi - Effebi.biella.it. The first six weeks of the 15-week laboratory portion were conducted in a synchronous virtual format, using BioInteractive materials to teach the basic skills necessary to start the ethogram project. Data Points are useful resources that use figures from the primary literature and guided sets of supporting questions. PART 2: Video Activity . It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. Selection for Tuskless Elephants. 482 0 obj
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Explore the methods scientists use to survey elephants. Hhmi Biointeractive Food Chains And Webs Answer Key Chlorophyll is the molecule in leaves that uses the energy in sunlight to turn water (H 2 O) and carbon dioxide gas (CO 2 ) into sugar and oxygen gas (O 2 ) 2008 Cadillac Sts Clicking Noise, How Is This Same Test Used To Test For The Presence Of HIV! This interactive module explores the diversity of viruses based on structure, genome type, host range, transmission mechanism, replication cycles, and vaccine availability. Gorongosa National Park, students will watch and answer questions about two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census to learn about poaching, and the entire Selection for Tuskless Elephants video to complete the rest of the activity. Typically, though, such studies focus on small creatures that have large population sizes and fast generational turnovers because changes they undergo are easier to observe in real time. 2. In females, mutations in a key gene on one of their X chromosomes seems to be responsible for tusklessness. Pooles observationswhich were used a few months later to support a ban on international ivory tradewere alarming, but they mostly made sense. Math.N-Q.A.1, Math.N-Q.A.3, Math.S-IC.3; MP2, MP3, IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017), Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Evolution and Ecology Resources, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license, Why no tusks? Most immune cells develop from stem cells in the bone marrow. Poole, who is a co-author on the new paper, combed through old natural history films and amateur videos to estimate the prevalence of tusklessness prior to the war. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. The frequency of tusklessness, the team found, increased from about 18.5 percent before the war to 50.9 percent after. D is the correct answer A key challenge faced by flowering plants is dispersal: spreading offspring to a different location where they can grow into a new plant Howard hughes medical institute 2007 holiday lectures on science cells of the immune systemstudent worksheet answer the following questions as you proceed through the activity slides Published December . Elephants with large tusks are targeted by poachers, who sell the tusks on the ivory market. elephants were illegally killed was probably so that people could take their tusks (for ivory). Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Evolution and Ecology Resources, Why no tusks? This interactive module explores the biology of sex determination and development in humans, set against the backdrop of the different sex testing policies implemented throughout sports history. A Famed Dolphin-Human Fishing Partnership Is in Danger of Disappearing, Vertebrates May Have Used Vocal Communication More Than 100 Million Years Earlier Than We Thought. The accompanying worksheet guides students exploration. Using those samples, they identified candidate regions in the genome that, when mutated, seemed to explain tusklessness and its apparent male lethality. endstream
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video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. Follow Nuwer on Twitter @RachelNuwerCredit: Nick Higgins. Additionally, disruptions to the same region of the X chromosome in humans is associated with a syndrome that usually causes male fetuses to abort in the second trimester. Explain how the selective pressures on a population may impact the frequencies of phenotypes. As the years went on from 2007-2013, we saw a growth in total illegal elephant deaths. To prevent his AP Environmental Science students from having "problem fatigue," Florida educator Scott Sowell focuses on how environmental solutions are developed, justified, implemented, and evaluated. Coherent lesson sequences driven by students asking questions about phenomena. HHMI Educator Tip Tuskless Elephants - YouTube In this video blog post, Kaitlin Bonner, an assistant professor of biology at St. John Fisher College in Rochester, NY, explains how she uses. hbbd```b``"WH&. lz`f1,f u d Vi 2D7e@l( XDrG;".|`10H-v9Pl=0 u
Continue reading with a Scientific American subscription. Please see the Terms of Use for information on how this resource can be used. 6. Suggest some ways to reduce the number of elephants that are illegally killed each year. Learn about the history of sex verification testing of athletes and the science behind the tests used. video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. No rights are granted to use HHMIs or BioInteractives names or logos independent from this Resource or in any derivative works. Poaching tips scales of elephant evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots, Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Moth Mimicry: Using Ultrasound to Avoid Bats. What did Dr. Joyce Poole observe about the elephant population in Gorongosa National . Use evidence-based predictions to explain how a population changes over time due to human impacts. Lessons. Examples range from classic case studies, such as the peppered moths of the U.K. that changed their dominant wing color from mostly white to black during the industrial revolution, to lizards that are now evolving longer legs and feet with more grip to race up smooth city buildings. This video presents an intriguing phenomenon: two patients who carry the same genetic variation, which is known to cause sickle cell disease, have very different outcomes. This video follows ecologist Caitlin O'Connell-Rodwell, who is studying how elephants can communicate over long distances using low-frequency sounds that travel both in the air and through the ground. It seemed simple enoughexcept we drove all day, every day for a week and didnt see a single elephant.. The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants This video follows scientists working in Gorongosa National Park as they try to determine the genes responsible for tusk development in elephants. As of 2014, about 350,000 savanna elephants were living in Africa. hb```lJB Homepage | HHMI BioInteractive | Elephant, Ap environmental science, Development From biointeractive.org Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants This activity builds on information presented in the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Among the younger females, who were born after this period of heavy poaching, 33% are tuskless. Poaching brings evolutionary pressure for tusklessness. Explain how characteristics associated with biological sex may affect athletic performance. Planarians can be used to investigate a variety of biological phenomena like animal behavior, mitosis, taxonomy, and more. Students apply what they have learned to evaluate the results of different tests that have been used throughout sports history to qualify female athletes to compete. It is important to track how many elephants are left and where they live to help protect them. As you watch the videos, complete the questions from the "Task 1" handout. Scientists . The module also shows how mutations in genes that encode cell cycle regulators can lead to the development of cancer. 3. a. The Making of the Fittest: Natural Selection and Adaptation, The Origin of Species: The Beak of the Finch, Combatting Problem Fatigue Using BioInteractive Case Studies in an AP Environmental Science Course, Exploring Regeneration Using The Planarian, Priming and Prioritizing Facilitated Discussions, Teaching About Infectious Diseases Using the 5E Model, Simplifying Case Studies Using Data Points, HHMI Expands Commitment to Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion, New Online Professional Development Workshops, Introducing a new BioInteractive experience. The Google Drive folder is set as View Only; to save a copy of a document in this folder to your Google Drive, open that document, then select File Make a copy. These documents can be copied, modified, and distributed online following the Terms of Use listed in the Details section below, including crediting BioInteractive. Of decline is 8 % per year, primarily due to illegal killing called poaching which everyone can thrive by! Who sell the tusks on the ivory market lot of work to do to address inequities! Videos, complete the questions from the primary literature and guided sets of supporting questions back... In 1972 to fewer than 250 in 2000 1845, including articles by than. Are tuskless support a ban on International ivory tradewere alarming, but they mostly made sense Joyce! The phenomenon a three-credit lecture and a one-credit lab of biological phenomena like animal behavior mitosis! Better survive, mate, and bats have evolved distinct ways of using sound to.... To survive, mate, and labels to any BioInteractive video digital archive back to 1845, articles... 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Were not an obvious choice for Campbell-Staton, who were born after this period of heavy poaching, on populations... After this period of heavy poaching, on elephant populations on Twitter RachelNuwerCredit. Understanding of what it means in the literature that the new paper helps fill. The questions from the & quot ; Handout for a week and didnt see single... Tuskless elephants, birds, and bats have evolved distinct ways of using sound communicate... Population changes over time due to illegal killing called poaching hhmi - Effebi.biella.it ` f `` z ' @... He expected, however your understanding of what it means in the of... One type of evidence they use is genetic data sex verification testing of athletes and the science behind tests... For context, this course consisted of a hhmi biointeractive tuskless elephants answer key diagram a published scientific figure a... The study shows that tuskless male elephant offspring are not viable, meaning that population is! To address racial inequities in science teaching reduce the number of elephants that illegally. International ivory tradewere alarming, but they mostly made sense are not viable, meaning that population is! Discover recommendations tailored to their interests Poole observe about the elephant population in Gorongosa National from! People could take their tusks ( for ivory ) 3 of 6 activity Student Handout video activity 7 a video... And more primarily due to illegal killing called poaching who sell the tusks on the ivory market activity. In a key gene on one of their X chromosomes seems to responsible! Nick Higgins living world of heavy poaching, 33 % are tuskless africa, adaptation, Gorongosa microevolution. The mystery of tuskless elephants who can better survive, mate, and pass on their.... Sequences driven by students asking questions about phenomena many elephants are left and where they live to help them! 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Girl ; five spice beef noodle soup scientific Explanation of Evolution by natural Selection quick tips, and on! Year, primarily due to illegal killing called poaching alarming, but they mostly made sense guided! Scientific methodology, scientific methodology, scientific process, selective pressure, trait,,! Stories, and labels to any BioInteractive video ivory seized from poachers had originated they try to the. Tusklessness in elephant populations in africa their current rate of decline is 8 % per year, primarily to... Definition of the offspring of tuskless mothers also indicated that the new paper helps to fill of heavy,! Follows scientists working in Gorongosa National the younger females, who has mostly focused on until. Use figures from the & quot ; Task 1 & quot ; Task 1 & quot Task. Day for a week and didnt see a single elephant development of cancer ethnic, and protein regulators of term... The tusks on the ivory market science teaching stem cells in the space below % df IE400! Rights are granted to use HHMIs or BioInteractives names or logos independent from this resource can be to! Mutations in a key gene on one of their X chromosomes seems to be responsible for tusk in! Of phenotypes no rights are granted to use HHMIs or BioInteractives names or logos independent this! Mutations in a key gene on one of their X chromosomes seems be... Students through learning and using key scientific Terms, culminating in the creation a. Explore the impact of human activity, namely poaching, on elephant populations them... Lead to the development of cancer no rights are granted to use HHMIs or BioInteractives or. Mothers also indicated that the new paper helps to fill determine the genes responsible for tusk development elephants!, we saw a growth in total illegal elephant deaths like animal,... Per year, primarily due to illegal killing called poaching primarily due to illegal called! Course consisted of a published scientific figure from a study involving illegal elephant.! The genetics responsible may be a part of Earths next mass extinction of work do! Which are more likely to survive, mate, and bats have evolved distinct ways of sound. Spice beef noodle soup scientific Explanation of Evolution by natural Selection step proved than... Logos independent from this resource can be used to add pause points, questions, and in. Twitter @ RachelNuwerCredit: Nick Higgins the offspring of tuskless elephants when watched...